A silt fence is a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, and lakes. It consists of a piece of synthetic filter fabric, usually geotextile, stretched between wooden or metal stakes. The stakes are driven into the ground, and the bottom edge of the fabric is trenched into the soil. When muddy water hits the barrier, it pools behind it, causing the suspended soil particles to settle out of the water while allowing the clarified water to slowly filter through the fabric.
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